Yes, this thread is developing well I think. We could try to focus the best PEMF-hat discussion here. The effects of the hat are clearly very different from the use of standard coils on the head. The magnetic field is distributed quite differently with the hat compared to the standard coils, and the biological effects are turning out to be quite different than I expected when I designed the hat.
The hat has about 60 coils, which are much smaller than the standard 40mm diameter coils. The coils in the hat are nominally 14 mm diameter, arrayed in alternating polarity on ~19 mm centers.
The resulting magnetic field was calculated to be very shallow, to stimulate only the scalp without penetrating the skull. Measurements of magnetic flux density confirmed this.
So, the hat should apply a very shallow magnetic field over a very wide area of the scalp. And when I measure the field, that is what I detect. My assumption, evidently proven to be incorrect, was that this design would limit the effects of the hat pretty much to the scalp itself, without having effects on the brain, face, jaw, neck, or elsewhere.
But the reports from many people clearly indicate observed effects at least from the shoulders and upward.
This may be because magnetic fields are difficult to work with and understand, or it may be because the effects of the magnetic field when applied this way have biological effects that are systemic. I am inclined to think that what is happening is a general reduction of intra-cranial inflammation because a lot of the surrounding tissue (scalp and extra-cranial soft tissue and skull bone) are subjected to a strong anti-inflammatory effect, and deeper tissues (intra-cranial, brain and sinuses), are entrained by regional blood flow (which is very high in the head region) or by cell-cell communication and paracrine signaling.
I think this is an excellent example of the “depth of penetration of the field” not being the primary thing to be concerned with when attempting to elicit a biological effect. In this case, surprisingly, exactly the opposite appears to be true.