There is a lot of evidence to show “no effect” for sine waves, and some PEMF experts have expressed to me that they see no clinical benefit to sine waves. I believe these observations, and it matches the data I have from our original experiments at NASA:
https://www.josam.org/josam/article/view/5
and
Nonetheless, I am open-minded to the possibility that sine waves could have some biological effects that were not detected when observations were made. This is possible, but it would suggest to me that the biophysical mechanisms of sine wave PEMF is different from sharp-edged square or delta function waveforms. This is OK, it just means that sine wave and square wave PEMF are fundamentally different from each other in terms of biological mechanisms.
My main scientific concern with scientific and clinical reports that claim effects of sine wave PEMF, is that uniformly they seem to be difficult or impossible to reproduce. So, either sine wave effects are sketchy and unreliable, or the observations suffer from methodological or statistical problems.
But, in my opinion, sharp-edged PEMF pulses work, they work reliably, with profound, repeatable biological effects on an astonishing range of clinical problems. There is no need to keep searching for your car keys once you have already found them, IMO.